Background & Aim: In many countries, human milk banks (HMBs) are included in children's health policies and regulations and are supported as an extension of national breastfeeding policies. Currently, there are no active HMBs in Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate the attitude, knowledge, and views of mothers about breast milk donation and HMBs. Methods & Materials: This descriptive study was conducted in a university hospital postnatal clinic in Eskiş ehir between January and April 2019. The study population comprised of 250 multipara mothers. Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire comprising three sections. Results: Only 28. 4% of mothers knew about HMBs. A total of 40. 8% of mothers indicated that they were against the establishment of HMBs in Turkey. However, only 61 mothers (24. 4%) approved of obtaining milk from HMBs. Mothers who did not agree to the establishment of HMBs (77. 5%) stated that babies who are fed with breast milk from the same mother would be milk siblings, and it would be an ethical problem if they got married to each other. Conclusion: Most mothers are hesitant to donate their milk to HMBs, mostly due to religious concerns. Even in a group of Turkish Muslim populations whose sociocultural level can be considered high, resistance against HMBs is thoughtful. It is essential to organize public campaigns, especially through social media, to raise awareness of HMBs. When the results of the study were taken into account, it is believed that an HMB model where the donors and recipients meet each other is necessary.

Objective: One of the important and common problems of mothers after giving birth is insufficient milk production. To increase it, due to the side effects of chemical drugs that increase milk, medicinal plants have become more popular. In recent years, with the clarification of the need for evidence-based clinical practice, quality and appropriate information is needed. The present study aims to review the results of clinical trials on the effect of milk thistle in increasing breast milk volume. Methods: In this systematic review study, the search for the effects of milk thistle in increasing breast milk volume was conducted in Magiran, MedLib, SID, and IranMedex using the keywords milk thistle, silymarin, milky plants. The search for clinical trials was conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and ProQuest using the keywords milk thistle, Silybum marianum, Silymarin Silybin, breast milk production, herbal galactagogues, increase breast milk, and Clinical trial. The publication year was 2005-2020. The criteria for excluding articles were: Unavailability of full texts, irrelevant results, pilot studies, case reports, review studies, and animal studies. Data analysis was done qualitatively. Results: Initial search yielded 624 records. Of these, 4 eligible articles with a sample size of 294 were selected and reviewed. All studies showed that milk thistle plant had a positive effect on increasing milk volume. In these studies, no serious side effects from the consumption of this plant were reported. Conclusion: milk thistle plant increases milk production in new mothers. The number of studies in this field is low, especially in Iran, which has a long history in traditional medicine and use of herbal medicine. More studies are needed in this field.

So far, more than 2 million babies have been born worldwide through assisted reproductive technologies (ART). For many couples there is no treatment except joining a third party to the family. Recently, embryo donation law has been approved by Iran’s parliament and now it is legal in Iran. But there is a misunderstanding in the source of embryos: from surplus frozen embryos of infertile couples and sperm and egg donation from fertile married couples followed by donation of the resulting embryos. Here in this paper we discussed ethical, religious and legal aspects of these two procedures and present the advantages and disadvantages of them. Meanwhile, the new term "both gamete donations" was defined for the misplaced program instead of "embryo donation". In conclusion we can say: 1) Iranian law means only embryo donation and covers only surplus embryos from other infertile couples and not both gamete donation. 2) As gamete donation is practiced in Iran upon decrees of clergy leaders, there is nothing against both gamete donations. 3) There are so many ethical, legal and religious questions about "both gamete donation" to be answered. 4) Ethical and religious questions are very fewer about "embryo donation" comparing to "both gamete donation" program, and 5) Embro sharing is a good way for donation of fresh embryos.